Unit 20 single camera

Learning Aim A

I what is a single-camera technique?

A single-camera technique is a filmmaking technique which is used for every single various shot and angle .It is normally used for the production of cinema and also for television. in order to take the variety of shots and angles needed the camera is usually moved around and rest in between the shots.This allows the director to hame more control over each shot.For example, when. dialog in a scene is filmed the camera will be set on only one person with one of all shots from the same angle, then the camera will be set on the other person and run through the same scene again but in different angle.

Research

Benefits and limitations of single-camera technique ..

One benefit of using single-camera technique is that allows you to get closer to the perfection of the scene through the control that the camera operator has over the scene. The negative part of using the single-camera technique is that the timing of making the scenes will take longer using only one camera.

What is a multiple-camera technique?

A multi-camera technique is the process of using multiple cameras for a scene which can help the audience and also the director to make the scene more clear and diverse. This technique is usually used for live TV shows. The standard setup of multi-camera technique usually consists of 3-4 cameras pointing at the subject while filming.

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Benefits and limitations of multi-camera technique...

One benefit of using the multiple-camera technique will be the variety of the angles which makes the audience see the setting and the details of the subject better. This will improve the understanding of the scene. One of the limitations of using the multi-camera technique is that could be more expensive which then could be over the budget.This could be a big disadvantage of the small companies.

Documentary

The perfect camera technique for a documentary is usually single-camera technique which helps the director portray all the the details of the documentary needed and also make it more controllable and simple to use.The camera cooperator is supposed to be filming every detail and important information, and this could be done by taking unbalance shots and angles (the camera is not stationary).That's why

the possibility of the documentary's popularity depends on the specific details that it contains and there are chances of the documentary not to be as popular as the rest of them.The type of documentary also decides the best camera technique that needs to be used.

soap (Uk) and sitcom (US)

For soap or sitcom, the multi-camera technique it is more suitable in order to reduce the time needed to film and take all the angles and shots needed for a scene. The single-camera technique would increase the period in which the comedy TV would be filmed because the camera will be moved around every time the director wants to change the angle or the shot and the time in between would make it less quick. Using multiple cameras would make the duration decrease because less energy is used in order to embrace different shots and angles.

TV drama

For TV drama , multi-camera technique It is usually used because it allows the camera cooperators to include multiple angles and shots such as:two shot, over the shoulder and wide angle.The variation of the shots and angles it is necessary in order to build a better understanding of the scene. One of the benefits of using multi-camera technique is that it reduces the time needed for a scene.

YouTube Vlog

In a YouTube vlog generally a single-camera technique is necessary in order to embrace the main subject. For a YouTube vlog made inside (in a room) there's no need for multiples cameras because in a vlog usually only one person participates, and it is enough only one angle to understand their actions/intentions.

Music video

When creating a music video, you may use the multiple camera technique in order to capture and portray a variety of angles which then will be edited. It is important to use multiple cameras to include all the angles needed for the music video. Using multiple cameras for a music video will reduce the time needed to make it through the fact that multiple cameras will be used at the same time but in dissimilar angles.

Advertisements

To make a promotable advertisement, you may use multi-camera technique for the exact purpose of making the product(s) more attractive and interesting for the audience. Multiple cameras will be used to create a variety of angles to promote the product at its highest value. This is useful because when using multiple cameras on a product all the details needed will be captured in a short amount of time.

Sports Events

When filming a sport event, the multi-camera technique it is normally used to show all the small details presented by the variety of the angles that the camera has. It is important to use multiple cameras because in a sport event the scene cannot be ran through again, the scene cannot be recreated.

Camera Techniques

Angles and shots

Bird eye view is a shot taken from directly above looking down at the post of interest.

Worms eye view I sa shot taken from directly below looking up at the point of view.

High/low angle is a shot taken from diagonally below the action or pain of view.

Canted angle is an unbalanced shot when the camera itself is placed at on unorthordox box.

Wide angle is a shot taken from distance in order to frame more people .

Two shot is a shot taken at eye level that frames two people at the same time.

over the shoulder is a shot taken from behind a subject engaging a conversation.

Point of view is a shot taken from the subject's perspective allowing the subject to see.

Establishing shot is a shot taken from extreme long distance always accusing at the start of the scene.

Movements

Tracking is the movement of the camera that can only move forward, backward, left or right.

Zooming is the ability of the lents that are moving in or out of a subject.However the camera remains stationary and only the lents are moving.

Tilting is the movement of the camera that can only move up and down while the camera is stationary.

Panning is the capacity of the camera that moves left or right while camera remains stationary.

Steadicom is the facility of the camera that follows the subject while the camera is physically attached to the camera cooperator.

Hand-held is when the camera is not mounted and therefore it has a unstable action creating sense of realism.

Framing

Extreme long shot contains of the camera focus is not on the subject is on the location or the subject is faraway.

long shot is when the camera focuses on the subject's whole body.

medium long shot is when the camera focuses on the subject's sect's body (knees up).

Medium shot is when the camera focuses on the subject's upper body (waist up).

Medium close up is when the camera focuses on the subject's upper torso (head to chest).

Close up is when the camera focuses on the subject from head to shoulders.

Big close up is when the camera focuses on the facial expressions of the subject.

Extreme close up is when the camera focuses on the subject's facial elements.

Settings

Extreme long shot

Long shot

Medium close up

Aperture 22

Aperture 11

Aperture 5.6

Aperture 2.8

Focus

Focus is the process of capturing your subject in a crisp ,sharp image.Howe ver when using auto-focus or manual focus on the camera , you can't fix an out-of-focus photo.

How to use it: Choose your subject and focus on it .To take the best photo you have to decide exactly what's your frame because it's one of he most important aspects.

Photography:The digital camera has a various settings in order to choose your focus point.You can either chose to put the focus on a single point or multiple points.The preferred option for most photographers is the single-point auto-focus that allows the photographer to control the focus on.Multi-point auto-focus is the option that only the camera can control the point that focuses on, not the photographer.

Video: Auto-focus does not suit the videography.However when the lents are struggling to find a focus point ,it can easily switch over to manual if the subject is moving when filming. Manual focus for video can often be faster and more precise and exact than auto-focus .

This photos were taken from a distance in order to make sure the focus is on the right spot.The lens must be switched to auto focus and frame the subject in a close up ,then the shoulder magnify has to be pushed and select a single point of focus.The next steps to look into the lens and push the trigger button half-way until you see the red dot ,you adjust the position till the the red dot is on the subject's face and take the picture .

Medium long shot

Mid shot

Close up

Extreme close up.

Aperture

Aperture is the opening in the lents .However when you hit the cameras shutter release button, a hole pens up which allows your cameras image to catch a glimpse of the sense you're capturing. The aperture that has beed seed affects the size of the hole, the largest the hole, more light enters.The smaller the homeless light enters.

Photos:There's a specific mode for taking pictures. You have to include two subjects and place them on a table, one has to be in the foreground and one of them has to be in the background. Ensure that both subjects and visible in a single frame.

Video: For an aperture video task you have to compete the focus pull .this technique involves the operator adjusting the focus from one subject in the foreground , to another subject in the background during a shot .this technique works best with a shallow depth of field , to keep your f/stop setting low.

Aperture 18

Aperture 14

Aperture 9.0

Aperture 4.5

Aperture 2.2

Aperture 7.1

Aperture 3.5

Aperture 1.8

Focal Length

Focal length is one of the most common uses for zoom lenses is to zoom on the objects that are far away. Flexibility might seem tempting to get to close to awkward objects, there's another benefit of zoom lenses when taking portraits in front of a vast spread of scenery , which is background .

Photos:In this process you have to;select the manual shooting mode using the dial , then implement exposure triangle to display a balanced shot ;frame one subject in the medium close up ;set the focal length of the camera lens to the lowest possible setting and take a photo; zoom in to the next possible setting using the setting:18,28,35,50,80,135,200,300. then take a step back every time you change the setting of the camera, while you must compose the shot in exactly same way.

m 18

m 50

m 200

m 28

m 80

m 300

m 35

m 135

Shutter Speed

Shouter speed is the amount of time that the shutter is open .Shutter speed is the length of time that your image sensor sees the scene you're attempting to capture. Shutter speed can also be measured in seconds ,or in most cases ruction of seconds .the bigger the dominator the faster the speed .

The process of taking pictures would be:find a large space and select a subject to model for you, then they will need to perform an action that involves some movement ;then they must repeat this action a few times ;using the dial, select the shutter speed shooting mode (tv). When taking pictures it's best to start low ,take s photo, and then increase the shutter speed and repeat for all options:1/2,1/4,1/8,1/15,1/30,1.60/,1/125,1/250,1/500,1/1000.

1/500

1/60

1/250

1/30

1/125

1/15

1/8

1/4

ISO

Iso is the measuring of a digital camera sensor's; how sensitive it is to light and what's the impact of it.

Digital Photography: ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The same principles apply as in film photography. The lower the number the less sensitive the camera is to light and the finer the grain.

Video/moving image: ISO was the indication of how sensitive a film is to light in traditional (film) photography. It was measured in numbers:100,200,400,800 etc.

The lower the number the lower the sensitivity of the film is to the light and the finer the grain in the shots taken.

You must select a very dimly lit setting and avoid taking any photographic lighting, then open the aperture to the lowest possible setting allowing the largest amount of light in. The next step is to start the ISO and take a picture then cycle through every ISO setting taking pictures at any change.

Switch the camera to video mode and compose a short conversation between two subjects while making sure the lens is switched to manual focus. Frame the subject (close up and over the shoulder) and cycle through ISO setting capturing a video at every change.

Core assessment

Micro analyses for 3 different media products

1) TV Drama

Usually, in TV Drama production the single camera technique is used in order to be easier to create dramatic effects and to create a more cinematic effect. When filming with a single camera could be more difficult to have a variety of shots and angles without confusing the audience. This is because the camera co-operator has to run the scene again from a different angle and it would be difficult for the actors to create the exact scenes again in order to not create a sense of confusion. However, there are advantages and disadvantages of using single camera technique.

In this TV Drama, "cobra Kai" single camera techniques is being used in order to create the dramatic effects more effective and to have a bigger impact on the audience. When using camera techniques, it offers the camera co-operator versatility and allows him to have more control over the variety of shots and angles. However, using camera technique could also contain less beneficial parts, in this case when using single camera techniques could be hard to save time since the camera constantly needs to be moved and run the scene again in order to take the shots and angles needed.

As the scene from "Cobra Kai " starts, tilting is being used to show the action and also the protagonist between 0:00-0:05. The camera is facing the actor (Chozen), in order to show that he is in control of the situation. His NVC denotes that he is serious and quite harsh with his students. The egg used in this scene symbolises unity and protection which then would help them to create a strong bond and also be more united. The impact that this specific camera techniques has on the audience is that they can directly observe the message that the scene wants to send. This is clear because the shot starts showing the egg that represents the whole scene. As the shot is being taken the aperture helps the audience to keep in focus the subject of the scene. In this scene the f/stop being used is between 5.6-4.5 which creates an impact of clarity and also realism. through the high depth of field and the low aperture.At 0:14 a long shot is introduced to show he way in which the students listen and pay attention to their leader. Subsequently, a mid close up is establishing the personality of the leader to the audience. The costume that he is wearing gives impression of a cold and harsh person because of the brown cold colour of it . His NVC is also exposing the personality that he has for the particular reason of the audience getting to know the characters better and how the leader would act in a tensional test that not only applies pressure to the students but also the leader. The NVC denotes aggressiveness and the way he is treating his students in order to achieve the results wanted by them. The aperture used is about 2.2 in order to hold the focus on the audience on the leader to show his real behaviour towards the students. Further on the scene is followed by a wide long shot between 0:32-0:37 to show the actors that the previous character was addressing too. The NVC of the characters shows that they are paying attention to what the leader says and also taking it into consideration when it's time to put in in action what he told them, this could also show the control that the leader has on them. In this shot a high aperture is used in order to make the audience look at every actor and observe all of them. The f/stop used is 18 for a purpose of not confusing the audience and keep everything clear when all actors are embraced in one shot. A natural key light is being used to also highlight the importance of what the audience is looking at.After the wide shot, a straight cut cuts to a close up of a student which shows the connection that the students have and also how permissive they are with each other. The aperture is quite low for the particular reason of the audience to be focused and pay attention to the connection in between the students and the how they behave in tensional circumstances. Later on, between 2:18-2:50 a hand-held shot takes place to create a sense of realism of the action. The action is based on the fight that the students were involved in to show their capacity of being united and together. The body language shows that they are quite aggressive in order to achieve their goals (to show greater unity). The impact that this specific camera technique has on the audience affects the credibility of the action taking place because it makes the audience itself feel like they are involved in the fight and gives them a sensation of adrenaline. At the end of the mission an over the shoulder shot has been taken at 3:02, to show the leader's reaction when the students passed the test and also to embrace the perspective of the students when they found out that they're succeeding. The facial expression of the leader connotes positivity and proudness since the students successfully passed an important test. Similarly, the body language of the leader implies the respect that he has for his own students. This specific camera technique could also show that the egg protection test allowed the leader to get closer to his students and build more unity by framing the students and the leader together. The aperture used is around f/stop 3.5 in order to highlight that all the actors are included in the shot. This allows the audience to clearly see that all the actors are equal and that everyone is equally successful. However, this would have a positive effect on the audience because everyone is celebrating each other's victory.

2) Music Video

As the music starts playing, an establishing shot is introduced (0:00-0:09) in order to see that the location of the music video has a meaning that connects the setting with the message of the song. The props used in the establishing shot are many planes which symbolises that the deeper meaning of the music video is freedom. As the planes fly, they give an impression of freedom and control. The artist wants to include the theme of freedom in the video which is shown through the personification of the planes. The impact that this specific shot has on the audience is transmitting a melancholic mood which makes the audience think that the content of the song has a connection with the planes. The back light used to emphasise the symbolism of the planes, makes them stand out and also gives impression of a new beginning. the establishing shot contains 4 straight cuts which could have an impact of the continuous speed of time. It could suggest that the good moments cannot be recreated again, and the time passes quick, furthermore it makes the audience realise that time has to be appreciates more. After showing the setting and theme of the music video, a wide angle is added at 0:16 that has connotation of military. This is made clear through the costumes that the artist was wearing, the classic military trousers. This shot is directly connected to the movie (top gun). Her facial expression gives impression of a negative/sad mood which makes the audience assume that something negative is about to happen. The aperture used in this shot is a mixed one, about 3.5, since it allows the audience to see that there is a plane behind the artist which could also be linked to the actual movie. A mid-close up is being followed which is framing the artist and shows their first interaction with the music at 0:14, which can influence the mood of the whole song through her facial expression which gives the impression of her meditating on the lyrics of the song. The wind that blows her hair has connotations of freedom of speech and expressing feelings to people without being scared of the reactions that the people could have. This influences the audience to be themselves and not be scared to saying their own opinion. Overall, this shot is like a starter for the whole song because it shows the actual message that the artist wants to send to the people. Later on, a big close up is introduced (0:47) in order to create a stronger connection between the artist and the audience for the particular reason of understanding the message of the lyrics better and have a deeper impact on them. The facial expression that the artist has empty the desperation of making the audience understand her actual message of the music video.An eye contact is shows through this close up to improve the connection between the artist and the audience and also to make sure that the audience is paying attention to her. The aperture is low for the particular reason of concerning the attention of audience is on the artist. At 1:00 two shots were made at the same time to show the connection between the plane and the person next to it. One of the camera techniques is a low angle that frames the plane and at the same time its speed, and the other one is panning which frames the person riding the motorcycle. This could suggest that the artist compares the speed and the size of the plane to the person in order to show that the person is inferior. It could also suggest that the person in the frame is admiring the plane because of its abilities of flying and being free and also connotes a sense of jealousy because people lack abilities of flying and particularly being free by using this method. The light used in these shots it highlights both subjects (the plane and the person) in order to show the connection between them and implies that they are both free in their own way. The artist chose to frame the person and the plane together in order to indicate that the person is trying to be like a plane, which suggests the fact that people don't have the freedom that a plane has. The NVC of the person shows that he is positively trying to compete with the plane because they both start to speed up at the same time, which can then confirm the struggle of the person (not being free to fly and have the same speed as the planes has. The facial expression that the person when starts to speed up shows their allusion of being like a plane and an illusional sensation of flying and competing to the plane. The setting of the shots could suggest that the artist is trying to convince the people that sometimes being alone is a good thing, this is shown through the fact that the person was alone on the runway which us quite an unusual place to be. Through this scene the artist is trying to transmit the audience that everything is possible if you have belief

The aperture applied on these shots is 1.8 for the particular reason of putting and holding in focus both subjects. This is important because this controls on what the audience is looking at. In the middle of the music video at 2:20 , a long shot is taken to confirm the message that the artist wanted to deliver through all the curse (music video). The shot carries the artist on the runway which can symbolise her loneliness and at the same time her hair was blowing by the wind which creates a mood of freedom and also influences the audience in order to receive and understand the music video better. Walking on a run way shows her desperation of bring free like a pale and flying. The ISO used for this shot is so bright in order to make the subject to stand out and influence the audience's focus (which should be on the subject ). The bright Iso could also represent her positivity of talking about her feelings and could highlight the positive impact that the song could have on the people.The ISO is between 1600 and 3200, which connotes the positive message. The back light used on her also makes her stand out and show her power and importance in this shot. The NVC used in this shot connotes her interest that she has in order to positively influence the audience. Almost by the end of the music video an extreme close up is presented, which contains the artist holding a chain which is an army dog taps in order to create a connection between the music video and the actual movie. The low aperture used (1.8) helps the audience to focus on the chain and also on the artist that is holding it.

For Music videos normally, single camera technique is practiced. This is because single camera techniques it gives the music video a more cinematic effect and also could give freedom of controlling every scene better. But, in this Music video some scenes are filmed with multi camera technique because some of them would be hard to be recreated in order to choose the best angle. For example, at 0:31 the explosion cannot be recreated multiple times, therefore multi camera techniques is being used to captivate the best angle in order to match the director's plan. On the other hand, at 1:06 the mid close up would not be filmed with multiple cameras, but it would be with a single camera because it allows the camera co-operator to have more control over the angle and retake it as many times as wanted.

3 Advertisement

As the video starts, an establishing shot consisting of some big buildings that could seem intimidating for the audience.The intimidating buildings establish the fact that the video was filmed in New York which can suggest the fact that the perfume could be expensive and luxurious. The fact that the buildings seem to be intimidating connotes that the people that use the perfume would be also seen intimidating. New York is an expensive city and this connotes luxury, therefore the people that are using the perfume give impression of luxury and wealth.The shot is between 0:00-0:05 and it contains a straight-cut in between which changes its angle. The ISO used in this shot is about 800 which can suggest the brightness that the perfume gives to the people that are using it. Overall this first shot has connotations of luxury and intimidation which connects to the abilities fo the perfume. At 0:07 a close up is used with contains of a woman that is looking directly at the camera , this gives the impression of breaking the 4th wall and in a way she is trying to transmit a message to the audience. This shot could have a meaning of confidence and also is like he woman is trying to convince the audience that the perfume could improve self-confidence.The aperture used is quite low (1.8) which denotes that the person is the only subject in focus and this could make the audience to keep focus on the person.The next shot that caught my attention is a mid close up at 0:13 seconds with restrain a good looking woman spraying herself with the perfume, the prop used (the perfume) suggests that all the confidence that the woman has is only based on the perfume. Tis makes the audience focus on the perfume and the person using it. This method is persuading the audience because while the woman is using the perfume in slow-motion her NVC shows pleasure and confidence, this connotes the positivity and the improvement of self-confidence that the perfume gives. The dark light shows that the video is created during night which advocate the mysteriously effect that the perfume has. The aperture is 1.8 and that indicates the point that the audience should be focus on which is the woman the is using the perfume. At 0:22 a canted angle is used that contains an expensive car that has a considerable speed with connotes the luxurious perfume. The canted angle could also be used to suggest the different perspective that people have on the perfume. as the video goes on, a birds eye view is used in order to propose the confidence of the model that promotes the perfume. It could also show that the perfume is expensive and luxurious since the city that the advertisement is filmed is in New York. Later on, a wide angle (0:40) is introduced for the particular reason of showing that the perfume is not only for women but for everyone that likes it. The NVC of the models in this shot shows that they are ore confident when using the perfume and also gives them the courage to do new different things .The aperture used is low in contemplation of not allowing the audience focus on different things other tan the models the prime the perfume through the confidence that hey show . The birds eye view angle (0:53) is made on a bridge that the model is walking across. Her body language shows the confidence that she has which indicate the confidence that the perfume transmits to the women that are using it. She walks across it with no fear with shows imply that she is fearless when wearing the perfume. The aperture used is high (22) in order to allow the audience see the context of her confidence and also the way in which the perfume makes her be fearless and further more see the location of the angle. Afterwards , at 0:58 a high angle is presented to show the actual value of the perfume. the high angle contains of a couple of people standing on a bridge at a high altitude such is probably placed on a high building with could connote the value of the perfume which mostly has a target audience of Middle-upper class.The ISO used is about 1600 because it allows the audience to have a clearer vision of the location whith connotes wealth (the expensive city).This could also show the positive inter light that people could potentially have if they use the perfume. And finally by the end of the video a close up of the product is introduced in order to show the reason of the confidence that the models had across the video. Overall the close up of the product represents the whole content that the video had with connotes luxury ,confidence and positive status. the light used in this shot is making the product stand out for the audience.The back light shows the separation between the product and the background which also adds to making the product stand out. The colour used emphasises femininity which is connecting to the meaning of the whole video.

In this video single camera technique is used in order to make the content of the video more enjoyable and feel like it has a more cinematic mood. However, the variety of the shots did not need multiple cameras in order to capture the shots wanted by the company and director.